isotopes（isotopes翻译）

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本文目录一览：

• 1、16O2与18O2互为同位素对不对？为什么这两种的都是氧气
• 2、isotope是什么意思
• 3、isotopes是什么意思？
• 4、Oxygen and Hydrogen Stable Isotopes

16O2与18O2互为同位素对不对？为什么这两种的都是氧气

同位素是针对原子来说的，16O2和18O2互为同位素的说法不正确，虽然它们的质量数不同，但构成它们的原子核电核数相同，在化学性质上是相同的，因此二者都是氧气。

原子核的变化既不属亮指于物理变化也不带粗属于化学变化，因为不管是物理变化还是化学变敬行配化都是改变了粒子间的电磁相互作用，而核反应则是改变原子核内部中子和质子间的一种强相互作用，不属于二者讨论的范畴。

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isotope是什么意思

isotope

英 [ˈaɪsətəʊp] 美 [ˈaɪsətoʊp]

n.

[化]同位素

复数： isotopes

双语例野陪卜句

1

The experiment involved irregular ion movement theory and isotope theory.

这项实验涉及了不规则离子运动理论和同位素理论。

2

The basic concept of isotope fractionation and the mechanism of Rayleigh fractionation model under equilibrium condition are discussed.

本文简要介绍了同位素分馏的基本概念，对颂穗平衡条件下瑞利分馏机制进乱迟行了分析。

isotopes是什么意思？

isotopes

n.

同位素李派竖

isotope

D.J.[ˈaɪsəˌtəʊp]

K.K.[ˈaɪ羡配səˌtop]

n.

核同位哪大素

Tritium is one of the mildest radioactive isotopes.

氚是最和缓的放射性同位素之一

Oxygen and Hydrogen Stable Isotopes

The stable isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen，the tw o component atoms in the w ater molecule，are among the most revealing isotopes in hydrogeological studies.

16O is the most abundant oxygen isotope， accounting for 99. 76 % of all oxygen ( Table 17. 1 ) .18O is next most abundant at 0. 20 % . For hydrogen，1H is the most common，accounting for 99. 985 % of hydrogen abundance，w hile2H ( or deuterium ，D ) accounts for a mere 0. 015 % . δ18O is defined in section 17. 1 ，w hile δ2H or δD is defined as follow s:

Table 17. 1 The abundance of naturally occurring isotopes of hydrogen， carbon，nitrogen，oxygen and sulphur

In the cases of both18O and2H，the relevant standard is SMOW. This choice of standard reflects the fact that ocean w ater is the isotopically homogeneous point of origin of nearly all terrestrial w aters. Ocean w ater evaporates to form w ater vapour. This vapour has a tendency to be depleted in the heavier，less volatile isotopes，the degree of depletion being temperature，and thus latitude，dependent. The w ater vapour w ill eventually condense as rainfall or snow. The first precipitation to condense w ill have an isotopic composition similar to that of the vapour. How ever，the precipitation w ill have a tendency to remove progressively the heavier isotopes， leaving the vapour gradually more depleted as the air mass moves inland. In summary，the higher the latitude，the higher the altitude and the more distant from the ocean，the more depleted w ill be the rainfall in the heavy isotopes18O and2H. The various fractionation processes tend to operate proportionally on both oxygen and hydrogen，and meteoric w aters tend to obey the linear relation:

w hich w as first reported by Craig in 1961 after analyzing some 400 samples of w ater from rivers，lakes and precipitation from all over the w orld.

On a plot of δ2H versus δ18O，this results in a straight line named the meteoric water line. Equatorial，coastal precipitation plots tow ards the top right of the line. Points tow ards the low er left indicate precipitation in high latitude or continental areas. Thus the climatic or palaeogeographical conditions of recharge of groundw aters can be assessed by plotting them on the diagram. Deviation from the meteoric w ater line w ill occur if the groundw aters have been affected by any of the follow ing factors ( Figure 17. 1) .

Figure 17. 1 Diagram illustrating possible shifts aw ay from the w orld meteoric w ater line for δ2H versus δ18O plots The arrow s indicate shifts aw ay from a typical meteorically derived groundw ater ( M G ) lying on the w orld meteoric w ater line. Ellipses show positions of hydrothermal w aters from Larderello ，Salton Sea，Steamboat springs and Yellow stone，illustrating a shift to the right relative to the meteoric w ater line

· Mixing with non-meteoric waters，e. g. diagenetic water.

· Evaporation of surface waters and very shallow groundwaters.

· Mineral exchange reactions，which may be important in high temperature geothermal systems. In geothermal w aters，for example，there w ill be a shift tow ards a higher δ18O composition，due to exchange w ith oxygen in isotopically heavier silicates. A similar shift in hydrogen is not observed due to the relative paucity of hydrogen in most minerals.

Hydrogen and oxygen isotopes have been applied in the studies of thermal water at Bath ( Figure 17. 2) and mineral waters at Harrogate in the UK. In both cases the waters were found to plot on the meteoric water line in a similar position to present-day rainfall. This indicates a nonexotic origin for the waters，i. e. recharge under similar climatic conditions to today's. The groundwaters are thus presumed to be younger than the last ice age，i. e. less than 10000 years old.

Figure 17. 2 The use of δ2H versus δ18O plots to discern the palaeogeographic conditions of recharge of the thermal mineral w aters of Bath and Hotw ells in the UK The isotopic data indicate that the w aters have been recharged under climatic conditions similar to today's，in contrast to some other UK groundw aters，w hose light isotopic signature indicates recharge under more glacially dominated conditions ( Late Pleistocene)

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